英國申索詳情範本－違反合約

2025年11月5日

Author: Unwildered editorial team

對於小型企業而言，一份撰寫得宜的申索詳情，往往就是迅速解決與曠日持久、成本高昂爭議之間的分野。當合約遭違反——不論是延遲交付、貨品質素欠佳，抑或服務未有按約履行——申索詳情就是你向法庭提交的正式陳述，列明事實、違約情況，以及你所尋求的補救。

申索詳情必須符合《民事訴訟規則》（CPR），尤其是 CPR 16 及 Practice Direction 16。這代表你必須就合約、違約及所蒙受損失提供簡明但詳盡的說明。法庭期望的是清晰、準確及有證據支持的陳述，而不只是籠統指控。

違反合約申索詳情範本

以下是一份技術性範本，適合在郡法院使用。請按你的事實作出調整，並將所有提述文件作為證物附上。

IN THE [NAME] COUNTY COURT  
Claim No: [to be completed by the court]  
BETWEEN:  
[Claimant’s Name] (Claimant)  
and  
[Defendant’s Name] (Defendant)  
<p>PARTICULARS OF CLAIM</p>
<ol>
<li>The Claimant is a [type of business, e.g. “limited company”] with its registered office at [address].</li>
<li>By contract dated [date], the Claimant and Defendant agreed that the Defendant would [describe goods/services], to be delivered/performed by [date], for the sum of £[amount]. A copy of the contract is attached as Exhibit 1.</li>
<li>The contract required that [set out key terms, e.g. “the brochures would be delivered by 10th October 2025 and conform to the print specification attached as Schedule A”].</li>
<li>The Defendant breached the contract by [delivering late/providing substandard goods/failing to perform], as evidenced by [delivery note, correspondence, photographs, etc.]. The goods were delivered on [date] and did not meet the agreed specification, as set out in Exhibit 2.</li>
<li>As a result of the Defendant’s breach, the Claimant has suffered loss and damage, namely:<br>a. The cost of replacement goods/services: £[amount], supported by invoice at Exhibit 3.<br>b. Additional delivery charges: £[amount], see Exhibit 4.<br>c. [Any other direct or consequential losses, with evidence].</li>
<li>The Claimant took reasonable steps to mitigate its losses by [describe actions taken, e.g. “commissioning a replacement print run at the earliest opportunity”].</li>
<li>The Claimant claims:<br>a. Damages in the sum of £[total amount];<br>b. Interest pursuant to s.69 County Courts Act 1984 at [rate]% from [date] to judgment;<br>c. Costs.</li>
</ol>

IN THE [NAME] COUNTY COURT  
Claim No: [to be completed by the court]  
BETWEEN:  
[Claimant’s Name] (Claimant)  
and  
[Defendant’s Name] (Defendant)  
<p>PARTICULARS OF CLAIM</p>
<ol>
<li>The Claimant is a [type of business, e.g. “limited company”] with its registered office at [address].</li>
<li>By contract dated [date], the Claimant and Defendant agreed that the Defendant would [describe goods/services], to be delivered/performed by [date], for the sum of £[amount]. A copy of the contract is attached as Exhibit 1.</li>
<li>The contract required that [set out key terms, e.g. “the brochures would be delivered by 10th October 2025 and conform to the print specification attached as Schedule A”].</li>
<li>The Defendant breached the contract by [delivering late/providing substandard goods/failing to perform], as evidenced by [delivery note, correspondence, photographs, etc.]. The goods were delivered on [date] and did not meet the agreed specification, as set out in Exhibit 2.</li>
<li>As a result of the Defendant’s breach, the Claimant has suffered loss and damage, namely:<br>a. The cost of replacement goods/services: £[amount], supported by invoice at Exhibit 3.<br>b. Additional delivery charges: £[amount], see Exhibit 4.<br>c. [Any other direct or consequential losses, with evidence].</li>
<li>The Claimant took reasonable steps to mitigate its losses by [describe actions taken, e.g. “commissioning a replacement print run at the earliest opportunity”].</li>
<li>The Claimant claims:<br>a. Damages in the sum of £[total amount];<br>b. Interest pursuant to s.69 County Courts Act 1984 at [rate]% from [date] to judgment;<br>c. Costs.</li>
</ol>

IN THE [NAME] COUNTY COURT  
Claim No: [to be completed by the court]  
BETWEEN:  
[Claimant’s Name] (Claimant)  
and  
[Defendant’s Name] (Defendant)  
<p>PARTICULARS OF CLAIM</p>
<ol>
<li>The Claimant is a [type of business, e.g. “limited company”] with its registered office at [address].</li>
<li>By contract dated [date], the Claimant and Defendant agreed that the Defendant would [describe goods/services], to be delivered/performed by [date], for the sum of £[amount]. A copy of the contract is attached as Exhibit 1.</li>
<li>The contract required that [set out key terms, e.g. “the brochures would be delivered by 10th October 2025 and conform to the print specification attached as Schedule A”].</li>
<li>The Defendant breached the contract by [delivering late/providing substandard goods/failing to perform], as evidenced by [delivery note, correspondence, photographs, etc.]. The goods were delivered on [date] and did not meet the agreed specification, as set out in Exhibit 2.</li>
<li>As a result of the Defendant’s breach, the Claimant has suffered loss and damage, namely:<br>a. The cost of replacement goods/services: £[amount], supported by invoice at Exhibit 3.<br>b. Additional delivery charges: £[amount], see Exhibit 4.<br>c. [Any other direct or consequential losses, with evidence].</li>
<li>The Claimant took reasonable steps to mitigate its losses by [describe actions taken, e.g. “commissioning a replacement print run at the earliest opportunity”].</li>
<li>The Claimant claims:<br>a. Damages in the sum of £[total amount];<br>b. Interest pursuant to s.69 County Courts Act 1984 at [rate]% from [date] to judgment;<br>c. Costs.</li>
</ol>

了解法律框架

申索詳情不只是一段敘述；它是一份技術性文件。你必須識別各方當事人，說明合約如何及何時成立，並指明被違反的合約條款。舉例來說，如爭議涉及延遲交付，你應提述雙方同意的交付日期，並提供貨品或服務實際送達時間的證據；如問題在於質素，則應描述雙方同意的標準，以及貨品或服務如何未達標。

因果關係是關鍵概念。你必須證明違約導致你的損失，而不僅僅是證明曾有違約。正如 Banque Keyser Ullman SA v. Skandia (UK) Insurance Co. Ltd. [1990] 1 QB 665 所確立，即使有多個促成因素，只要違約是損失的有效原因，因果關係仍可成立。

策略性表述：預先應對反駁

撰寫申索時，要站在對方角度思考。對方如有法律代表，必會仔細審視你的申索詳情，尋找漏洞、不一致之處或缺乏支持的陳述。應預先處理潛在弱點。若你接受了遲交貨品但因此招致額外成本，應解釋為何必須接受，並量化額外開支。若你延遲投訴，則應交代原因，並提供在發現問題後即時採取行動的證據。

減損損失亦是另一項技術性要求。法律期望你採取合理步驟將損失減至最低。若你本可更便宜地取得替代貨品，法庭可能會削減你的申索。你應準備好證明你的應對屬合理且相稱。

技術內容：應包括甚麼

Particulars of claim template UK - Breach of contract 的說明卡：使用情境、關鍵措辭、安全送達。

你的申索詳情應包括：

各方的全名及地址。
對合約的清晰描述，包括成立、條款及相關日期。
對違約的詳細說明，並附上支持證據（合約、電郵、送貨單）。
損失明細，並以數字及文件證明各項損失。
所尋求的補救，包括損害賠償、利息（通常根據《1984年郡法院法令》第69條）及訟費。
真實聲明，並已簽署及註明日期。

避免使用含糊陳述。不要只寫「貨品遲了」，而應具體寫明：「合約要求於 2025 年 9 月 1 日前交付。貨品於 2025 年 9 月 15 日送達，正如附為證物 1 的送貨單所示。」

實務例子：如何應用原則

假設你的公司為產品發佈會訂購了 500 本印刷宣傳冊，合約交付日期為 2025 年 10 月 10 日。宣傳冊於 10 月 20 日送達，且存在嚴重印刷錯誤，導致無法使用。你其後須以額外成本緊急重印，並錯失一個重要市場推廣機會。

在你的申索詳情中，你會先交代合約如何成立——附上已簽署訂單及確認交付日期與印刷規格的往來文件。然後你會詳述違約：延遲交付及質素欠佳，並提述相關合約條款。接著，你會說明損失：重印費用、任何額外送貨費，以及錯失市場推廣活動所造成的可量化影響（例如如能證明的銷售損失）。每項損失都應有發票、電郵或其他書面證據支持。