決策僵局條款範本（複製、貼上及修改）
Deadlock Mechanism Clause (Sample):
If a deadlock arises between shareholders, directors, or partners in this partnership, startup, or limited liability company—meaning the parties cannot agree on a key decision after [two] board or shareholder meetings—the following process applies:
1. The parties must attempt mediation for at least [30] days.
2. If unresolved, either party may trigger a buy-sell mechanism (e.g., Russian Roulette or Texas Shootout), where one party offers to buy the other’s shares at a set price per share. The other party must either accept the offer or buy the first party’s shares at the same price.
3. If neither party acts, the company may be wound up or another agreed process followed
Deadlock Mechanism Clause (Sample):
If a deadlock arises between shareholders, directors, or partners in this partnership, startup, or limited liability company—meaning the parties cannot agree on a key decision after [two] board or shareholder meetings—the following process applies:
1. The parties must attempt mediation for at least [30] days.
2. If unresolved, either party may trigger a buy-sell mechanism (e.g., Russian Roulette or Texas Shootout), where one party offers to buy the other’s shares at a set price per share. The other party must either accept the offer or buy the first party’s shares at the same price.
3. If neither party acts, the company may be wound up or another agreed process followed
Deadlock Mechanism Clause (Sample):
If a deadlock arises between shareholders, directors, or partners in this partnership, startup, or limited liability company—meaning the parties cannot agree on a key decision after [two] board or shareholder meetings—the following process applies:
1. The parties must attempt mediation for at least [30] days.
2. If unresolved, either party may trigger a buy-sell mechanism (e.g., Russian Roulette or Texas Shootout), where one party offers to buy the other’s shares at a set price per share. The other party must either accept the offer or buy the first party’s shares at the same price.
3. If neither party acts, the company may be wound up or another agreed process followed
甚麼是決策僵局條款？
決策僵局條款提供一套有結構的方法，當合夥關係、初創公司或有限責任公司內的董事、合夥人或股東在成立後無法就關鍵決策達成一致時，用以解決爭議。它透過列明調解、買斷或清盤的清晰步驟，防止停擺及高昂訴訟。
誰需要它，為甚麼？
最適合：50/50 合夥、由平等共同創辦人組成的初創公司，以及董事或股東控制權均衡的有限公司。
缺少此條款的主要風險：公司可能陷入停擺，無法作出決定或向前推進，往往導致昂貴的法庭訴訟或被迫清盤。
典型英國挑戰：若沒有僵局條款，爭議可拖延數月甚至數年，損害業務及關係。
在實際操作中如何運作
例子：
兩名董事各持有一家有限責任初創公司的 50% 股份。他們在策略上意見不合，無法打破僵局。條款啟動調解；如調解失敗，則啟動 Russian Roulette 買斷機制——其中一名董事提出以每股 £10 收購另一方，而另一方必須按該價格出售或收購。
常見陷阱及法律細節
條款必須載於股東協議或公司章程，方可對任何合夥、初創公司或有限公司具執行力。
買賣機制可偏向資金較充裕的一方——可考慮保障措施或分期付款。
在觸發嚴厲措施前，調解應為真誠嘗試解決問題。
常見問題
1. 僵局機制只適用於 50/50 公司嗎？
不，只要公司、合夥關係或初創公司存在平等控制或董事爭議的可能性，它都很有用。
2. 僵局條款可以強制出售或清盤嗎？
可以，只要程序已被啟動並按協議所列方式執行。
3. 進行買斷前是否必須先調解？
這通常是常見且建議的做法，但你可以按需要度身訂造程序。
4. Russian Roulette 與 Texas Shootout 有甚麼分別？
兩者均屬買賣機制；Russian Roulette 由一方定價，Texas Shootout 則採密封投標。
5. 該條款可否在法庭上被挑戰？
如程序公平並清楚列明，法院通常會予以維持，但不公平條款或欠缺清晰度可能引發爭議。
摘要／行動步驟
檢視你的股東協議及公司章程，是否載有僵局機制條款，尤其當你是初創公司、合夥關係或有限責任公司中的董事、合夥人或股東時。
如欠缺，應在任何爭議出現前先行磋商加入。
可將上方範本作為起點，但須按你公司需要及架構作出調整。
免責聲明：本內容僅供一般資訊參考，不構成法律、財務或稅務意見。結果可能因你的個別情況而有所不同。
