僵局機制條款範本（複製、貼上及調整）
Deadlock Mechanism Clause (Sample):
If a deadlock arises between shareholders, directors, or partners in this partnership, startup, or limited liability company—meaning the parties cannot agree on a key decision after [two] board or shareholder meetings—the following process applies:
1. The parties must attempt mediation for at least [30] days.
2. If unresolved, either party may trigger a buy-sell mechanism (e.g., Russian Roulette or Texas Shootout), where one party offers to buy the other’s shares at a set price per share. The other party must either accept the offer or buy the first party’s shares at the same price.
3. If neither party acts, the company may be wound up or another agreed process followed
Deadlock Mechanism Clause (Sample):
If a deadlock arises between shareholders, directors, or partners in this partnership, startup, or limited liability company—meaning the parties cannot agree on a key decision after [two] board or shareholder meetings—the following process applies:
1. The parties must attempt mediation for at least [30] days.
2. If unresolved, either party may trigger a buy-sell mechanism (e.g., Russian Roulette or Texas Shootout), where one party offers to buy the other’s shares at a set price per share. The other party must either accept the offer or buy the first party’s shares at the same price.
3. If neither party acts, the company may be wound up or another agreed process followed
Deadlock Mechanism Clause (Sample):
If a deadlock arises between shareholders, directors, or partners in this partnership, startup, or limited liability company—meaning the parties cannot agree on a key decision after [two] board or shareholder meetings—the following process applies:
1. The parties must attempt mediation for at least [30] days.
2. If unresolved, either party may trigger a buy-sell mechanism (e.g., Russian Roulette or Texas Shootout), where one party offers to buy the other’s shares at a set price per share. The other party must either accept the offer or buy the first party’s shares at the same price.
3. If neither party acts, the company may be wound up or another agreed process followed
甚麼是僵局機制條款？
僵局機制條款提供一套有結構的方法， 用於解決合夥、初創企業或有限責任公司在成立後， 董事、合夥人或股東無法就關鍵決策達成一致的爭議。 它可防止僵局，並透過列明調解、收購或清盤步驟， 避免高昂訴訟。
誰需要，以及為何需要？
最適合：50/50 合夥、由平等創辦人組成的初創企業， 以及董事或股東控制權均衡的有限公司。
主要風險：公司可能陷入停擺，無法作出決策或繼續前進， 往往導致昂貴的訴訟或被迫清盤。
英國常見問題：若沒有死鎖條款，爭議可拖延數月甚至數年， 損害業務及關係。
實際運作方式
例子： 兩名董事各持有一間有限責任初創企業 50% 股份。 他們在策略上有分歧，無法打成平手。 死鎖條款啟動調解；如仍失敗，便啟動「俄羅斯輪盤」收購機制—— 一名董事可按每股 £10 提出收購對方股份， 對方則必須選擇出售，或按同一價格買入。
常見陷阱及法律細節
條款必須載於股東協議或組織章程細則， 才可在任何合夥、初創企業或有限公司中強制執行。
買賣機制可能偏向資金較多的一方—— 可考慮保障措施或分期付款。
調解應是真誠嘗試先行解決問題， 再啟動較激烈的措施。
常見問題
1. 死鎖機制只適用於 50/50 公司嗎？ 不。任何可能出現平等控制或董事分歧的公司、合夥或初創企業，都適用。
2. 死鎖條款可否強制出售或清盤？ 可以，前提是程序已按協議啟動並依規定執行。
3. 啟動收購前必須調解嗎？ 通常需要，亦屬建議做法。不過，你可按需要調整程序。
4. 俄羅斯輪盤與德州對決有何分別？ 兩者都是買賣機制；俄羅斯輪盤由一方定價，德州對決則採密封投標。
5. 條款可否在法院受質疑？ 若程序公平且條文清晰，法院通常會維持有效。 但條款不公或不清晰，可能引發爭議。
總結／行動步驟
檢查股東協議及組織章程細則是否載有僵局機制條款， 尤其你是初創企業、合夥或有限公司的董事、合夥人或股東。
如沒有，應在任何爭議出現前商討加入。
以上範本可作起點， 但應按貴公司的需要及架構調整。
免責聲明：本內容僅供一般資訊參考， 不構成法律、財務或稅務意見。實際結果會因你的個人情況而異。
